OUTLINES  (Fall 2009)

  1.     A Conceptual Overview
  2.     A Chronological Review   
  3.     1975-79  (76, 77, 78, 79)
  4.     1980-84  (81, 82, 83, 84)
  5.     1985-89  (86, 87, 88, 89)
  6.     1990-94  (91, 92, 93, 94)
  7.     1995-99  (96, 97, 98, 99)
  8.     2000-04  (01, 02, 03, 04)
  9.     2005-09  (06, 07, 08, 09)
  10.     Now What? 

[Syllabus]


I. A Conceptual Overview

  1. Definitions

    1. history vs. political science

      1. "area studies"?  anthropology?  sociology?  practitioners?!? 

    2. realism vs. idealism

      1. Kennan, Eisenhower (?), Brzezinski, and Scowcroft

      2. Wilson, Eisenhower (?), Albright, and Wolfowitz

    3. self-identification

      1. ethnic vs. religious vs. nationalist vs. ideological

    4. "weapons of mass destructions" (WMDs)

      1. nuclear weapons (fission and fusion)

        1. means of delivery?  any defense? 

      2. radiological weapons

        1. means of delivery?  any defense? 

      3. chemical weapons

        1. means of delivery?  any defense? 

      4. biological weapons

        1. means of delivery?  any defense? 

  2. Global and Transnational Issues

    1. International Law

      1. "hard law" vs. "soft law"

      2. legitimacy and world opinion

      3. oceans, Antarctica, and space

    2. The United Nations

      1. the Security Council

      2. the General Assembly

        1. DISEC, SPECPOL, SOCHUM, etc.

      3. the Secretary-General and his Secretariat

      4. other stuff

        1. ICJ, IAEA, UNICEF, "High Commissioners," etc.

    3. International Finance and Business

      1. International Monetary Fund  (IMF)

      2. World Bank

      3. corruption

    4. Non-Governmental Organizations  (NGOs)

      1. advocacy

      2. humanitarian relief

    5. World Health Issues

      1. pandemics

        1. influenza, terrorism, and HIV / AIDS

      2. chronic health issues

        1. food and water

        2. curable diseases  (e.g. malaria, tuberculosis)

    6. Climate Change

      1. a security issue? 

      2. sources of energy

      3. the ozone layer: a happy precedent? 

      4. the Kyoto Protocol

  3. The United States

    1. political appointees, civil servants, and contractors

    2. National Security Council  (NSC)

    3. Department of Defense  (DOD)

      1. OSD and the JCS

      2. USA, USN, USAF, and USMC

      3. the special forces community

    4. Department of State

      1. the Foreign Service

    5. the Intelligence Community  (IC)

      1. DNI (DCI) and NIC (BNE)

      2. Central Intelligence Agency  (CIA)

      3. National Security Agency  (NSA)

      4. National Reconnaissance Office  (NRO)

      5. DIA, CINC G-2s, FBI, DEA, ATF, DOE, etc. etc. etc. 

  4. The Americas

    1. NAFTA

    2. the Caribbean

    3. Central America

    4. South America

      1. caudillos, ideologues, and narcotraficantes

      2. the road back to democracy

  5. Europe

    1. political consolidation (and its limits?) 

      1. NATO  (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

      2. the EU  (European Union)

    2. regional trends

      1. West vs. East

      2. North vs. South

    3. Russia?  Turkey? 

  6. Sub-Saharan Africa

    1. North Africa

      1. the Sahara

    2. competing allegiances

      1. ethnicity + religion + nationalism = civil war? 

    3. international organizations

      1. the UN, the AU, and NGOs

  7. The Middle East

    1. Turkey

      1. Atatürk and secularism

      2. urban vs. rural

      3. Armenia, the Kurds, and Cyprus

    2. the Arab-Israeli Conflict

      1. significance and emotion

      2. "land for peace"? 

    3. the Rise of Political Islam

      1. the failure of Arab nationalism

      2. jihadists: Afghanistan, Chechnya, Bosnia, Iraq,
        and Afghanistan again

    4. North Africa

      1. oil? 

      2. legacy of colonialism

    5. the Persian Gulf

      1. oil! 

      2. Arabs and Persians

      3. Sunnis and Shiites

      4. revolution in Iran, the Iran-Iraq War, the First Iraq War,
        containment, and the Second Iraq War

  8. Central and South Asia

    1. Russia

      1. Yeltsin and Putin

    2. the Caucasus

    3. the "Stans"

    4. Afghanistan

      1. the Soviet War, civil war, the rise of the Taliban,
        and American intervention

    5. Pakistan and India

      1. separation

        1. Kashmir

      2. the nuclear arms race

      3. China

  9. East Asia and Oceania

    1. China

      1. the coast vs. the interior

      2. domestic hot buttons: Taiwan, Tibet, and region stability

      3. foreign hot buttons: Japan and the United States

    2. Japan

      1. economic growth and recession

      2. "Self-Defense Forces" and the Japanese constitution

    3. the Koreas

    4. Southeast Asia

    5. Offshore Asia

    6. Oceania

 

II. A Chronological Review

  1. Setting the Stage, 1860s-1914

    1. the rise of Germany

    2. the rise of Japan

    3. the rise of the United States

  2. All Hell Breaks Loose, 1914-1945

    1. Round #1, 1914-1918

      1. industrialized killing

      2. the "winners": Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the US

      3. the losers: Germany, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire

    2. the interwar period, 1918-1930s

      1. pacifism: Britain and France

      2. fascism: Germany and Italy

      3. communism: the Soviet Union

      4. militarism: Japan

      5. military developments

      6. colonial turmoil

    3. Round #2, 1930s-1945

      1. Japan builds its "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere"

      2. aggression: Italy, the Soviet Union, and "Greater Germany"

      3. Germany vs. France and then the Soviet Union

      4. Japan vs. the United States

      5. total war: the destruction of Germany and Japan

  3. A New World Order, 1945-1975

    1. the Cold War begins

      1. "containment": the division of Europe

      2. the nuclear arms race

    2. Europe attempts to retain its colonies

      1. Africa and Asia

    3. the expansion of containment

      1. overt: Korea and Vietnam

      2. covert: Iran, Guatemala, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, etc.

    4. détente

      1. arms control

      2. the Sino-American rapprochement

    5. perspective

      1.       1:    200,000,000 people

      2. 1000:    275,000,000 people

      3. 1500:    450,000,000 people

      4. 1800: 1,000,000,000 people

      5. 1900: 1,600,000,000 people

      6. 1945: 2,500,000,000 people  (51 UN members)

      7. 1950: 2,600,000,000 people  (60 UN members)

      8. 1955: 2,800,000,000 people  (76 UN members)

      9. 1960: 3,000,000,000 people  (99 UN members)

      10. 1965: 3,300,000,000 people  (117 UN members)

      11. 1970: 3,700,000,000 people  (127 UN members)

      12. 1975: 4,000,000,000 people  (144 UN members)

      13. 2009: 6,800,000,000 people  (192 UN members)

 

III. 1975-79

  1. 1975

    1. Southeast Asia

      1. fall of Saigon  (April)

        1. Vietnam reunified under communist rule

      2. falling dominoes

        1. Phnom Penh falls to the Khmer Rouge  (April)

        2. Laos falls to communist guerrillas  (December)

      3. "Vietnam Syndrome" in the US

        1. U.S.S. Mayaguez  (May)

    2. Indonesia

      1. Portugal leaves East Timor and Indonesia invades

    3. Angola

      1. communist MPLA defeats UNITA

    4. Europe

      1. the death of Franco . . . and fascism? 

      2. dictatorship ends in Portugal (coup attempts by both sides fail)

      3. common EEC passport

    5. Notes from the Arms Race

      1. limited US ABM capability

      2. US cruise missiles and next generation Soviet bombers

    6. world update

      1. population: 4.0 billion

      2. UN member states: 144

  2. 1976

    1. South Africa  (Chris)

      1. nationwide anti-apartheid protests

    2. Soviet Union

      1. release of several dissidents

        1. Bukovsky traded for Chilean communist Corvalan

      2. Belenko defects with a MiG-25

    3. China

      1. death of Mao Zedong

    4. Angola

      1. South Africans and Cubans

    5. Lebanon

      1. civil war pits Christians vs. Muslims

      2. Syrian intervention

    6. Notes on Terrorism

      1. Entebbe raid

    7. Northern Ireland

      1. SAS deployed; British ambassador killed

      2. nadir: three children killed

      3. "Peace People" marches

  3. 1977

    1. Pakistan  (Taylor)

      1. Zia coup ousts democratically-elected Bhutto

    2. Zaire / DRC

      1. French and Belgian military aid helps repulse the "Congolese National Liberation Front"

    3. Brazil

      1. manufactured goods surpass agricultural

    4. Notes from the Arms Race

      1. a South African nuclear capability? 

      2. SALT II talks begin

    5. Human Rights Violations

      1. Turks and British accused of torture in Cyprus and
        Northern Ireland

      2. 20,000-30,000 "disappear" by generals in Argentina

      3. 80,000-90,000 killed so far by Idi Amin in Uganda

      4. "Helsinki Final Act" links trade with human rights

    6. China opens up (a bit)

      1. out: "Gang of Four"

      2. in: Beethoven and Shakespeare

  4. 1978

    1. Somalia  (KT)

      1. Ethiopia regains control of Ogaden region

      2. with Soviet Union now backing Ethiopia, Somalia switches Cold War allegiance to the United States

    2. Warren Zevon, "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner"

      1. Greatest.  Song.  Ever. 

    3. Dissent in Eastern Europe

      1. Poland: Solidarity movement created

      2. Czechoslovakia: Committee for the Defense of Unjustly Persecuted Persons protests arrests of Vaclav Havel, others

    4. Post-Colonial Turmoil in Africa

      1. civil war in Zaire (DRC)

      2. Libyan-backed rebels fight government in Chad

        1. 400,000 displaced (one-quarter of population)

      3. Ugandan death toll up to 300,000 (says Amnesty International)

      4. Jomo Kenyatta's death leads to democratic reforms in Kenya

      5. South African occupation of Namibia continues

      6. 17 African nations suffer from "severe drought and increased desertification"  (says ECOSOC)

    5. Post-Colonial Turmoil in Asia

      1. 250,000 Cambodians flee Pol Pot

      2. 200,000 Burmese flee to Bangladesh

      3. 10,000s of Vietnamese "boat people" rejected by most nations (but noticed by pirates)

  5. 1979

    1. Zimbabwe  (Owen)

      1. free elections end minority white rule

      2. Mugabe becomes prime minister (1980)

    2. Egypt  (Elle Page)

      1. Camp David Accords peace settlement with Israel

    3. Afghanistan  (Kylie)

      1. communist coup (1978)

      2. Soviet invasion

    4. Southeast Asia

      1. Vietnam Invades Cambodia

        1. military conflict with China

      2. Thailand

        1. amnesty for communist guerrillas with ruthless pursuit
          of those who continue to fight

    5. China

      1. formal diplomatic relations established with the US

      2. Sino-Vietnamese war

      3. introduction of "one-child policy"

    6. Northern Ireland

      1. killed: British Ambassador to the Netherlands, long-retired Admiral of the Fleet Earl Mountbatten of Burma (while fishing with grandson), and 18 British soldiers in one landmine attack

      2. total terrorism death toll: 2,000

    7. Signs of Hope in Africa? 

      1. Zimbabwe (Rhodesia): independence

      2. Ghana: military coup leads to democratic elections

      3. Nigeria: return to civilian rule

      4. but in Chad: 5,000 Muslims die on one incident

    8. Notes from the Arms Race

      1. the Committee on the Present Danger and "Team B"

      2. SALT II talks suspended due to 3,000 Soviet troops in Cuba

        1. ultimately rejected by Senate

          2.
    9. Notes from the Cultural Cold War

      1. three defect during Bolshoi Ballet tour of the US

      2. 13,000,000 see Pope John Paul II during visit to Poland

 

IV. 1980-84

  1. 1980

    1. Zaire / DRC  (Khadijah)

      1. Mobutu: corruption and "cult of personality"

    2. Cuba  (Lindsey)

      1. Cuban involvement in Nicaragua, Angola, and Ethiopia

      2. the "Mariel boatlift"

    3. Iran  (Daniel)

      1. revolution and hostage crisis with the US  (1979-80)

      2. beginning of the Iran-Iraq War

    4. Iraq  (Mac)

      1. Saddam Hussein formally assumes the presidency  (1979)

      2. beginning of the Iran-Iraq War

    5. Japan  (Roberto)

      1. Japan becomes second largest car manufacturer in world

    6. Turkey  (Irene)

      1. military coup and martial law

    7. Saudi Arabia  (Tev'n)

      1. anti-western protests lead to stricter Islamic law  (1979)

      2. Saudi Arabia gains full control of Aramco (oil company)

    8. AIDS

    9. Colombia

      1. growth of narcotics industry (ca. 1970s-1980s)

    10. world update

      1. population: 4.5 billion

      2. UN member states: 154

  2. 1981

    1. Poland (Alex)

      1. Carolus Joseph Wojtyla becomes Pope John Paul II (1978)

      2. rise of Solidarity movement

      3. martial law narrowly averts Soviet invasion

    2. Iran

      1. end of hostage crisis with the US

    3. Cold War

      1. Ronald Reagan

      2. invasion of Poland? 

    4. Libya and the US

      1. Muammar al-Gaddafi

      2. "Gulf of Sidra Incident"

  3. 1982

    1. Egypt  (Elle Page)

      1. Sadat assassinated, replaced by Mubarak

    2. Germany  (Will)

      1. Helmet Kohl becomes chancellor

    3. Israel  (Jon)

      1. Israeli aircraft destroy Iraqi reactor (1981)

      2. Israeli invasion of Lebanon leads to formation of Hezbollah

    4. Great Britain  (Leigh)

      1. Falklands conflict with Argentina

      2. Thatcher and Reagan take "hard-line" with Soviet Union

    5. "A Second Cold War"? 

      1. Reagan's "evil empire" speech

  4. 1983

    1. The Cold War Gets Even Worse

      1. Soviet Union = "focus of evil in the modern world"

      2. "Star Wars" / SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)

      3. KAL 007

      4. war scares

    2. Little Wars

      1. Lebanese Civil War intensifies

        1. US Intervention

        2. embassy bombing

      2. US Invasion of Grenada

  5. 1984

    1. India  (Carter)

      1. Bhopal disaster

      2. Tamil and Sikh separatism

    2. Turkey  (Irene)

      1. Turgut Őzal turns Turkey more toward the West

      2. Turkey recognizes "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"

    3. Soviet Leadership Turmoil

      1. Brezhnev dies (November 1982)

      2. Andropov dies (February 1984)

      3. Chernenko dies (March 1985)

      4. Gorbachev

    4. Central America

      1. Honduras

      2. El Salvador

      3. Nicaragua (Somoza, Sandinistas, and the Contras)

    5. Japan

      1. first Honda factory opens in the US

    6. Sri Lanka

      1. "Tamil Tigers"

 

V. 1985-89

  1. 1985

    1. Mexico  (Sam)

      1. earthquake in Mexico City

    2. Brazil (Denise)

      1. return of democratic rule under Neves (until he dies)

    3. Pakistan  (Taylor)

      1. democratic rule restored

      2. US influence grows amid war in neighboring Afghanistan

    4. Gorbymania

      1. Thatcher approves

      2. Gorbachev and Reagan (& Gorbachev and Reagan)

      3. Glasnost

      4. Perestroika

    5. Arms Control

      1. SALT talks (1969-72) --> SALT II (1977-79) -->
        START talks (1985-1991)

    6. Colombia

      1. volcano eruption kills 20,000

      2. terrorist attack kills 11 Supreme Court
        justices and over 100 others

    7. world update

      1. population: 4.8 billion

      2. UN member states: 159

  2. 1986

    1. South Africa  (Chris)

      1. US and European economic sanctions

      2. Group Areas Act of 1986

    2. Soviet Union

      1. Chernobyl and Soviet credibility

    3. Cold War

      1. Reykjavik Summit

    4. Libya and the US

      1. Berlin Disco Bombing

      2. Operation "El Dorado Canyon"  (video [2:30-3:15])

    5. Australia

      1. "Australia Act" severs almost all ties with Great Britain

  3. 1987

    1. Israel  (Jon)

      1. beginning of the first Intifada

    2. Cold War

      1. Reagan: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall"

      2. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty

    3. The Persian Gulf

      1. the "tanker war"  (missiles and mines)

      2. attack on the U.S.S. Stark  (May 1987)

      3. "reflagging"  ("Operation Earnest Will," July 1987)

      4. "Operation Praying Mantis"  (April 1988)

      5. U.S.S. Vincennes shoot-down of an Iranian airliner  (July 1988)

  4. 1988

    1. Iraq  (Mac)

      1. Iraq uses chemical weapons against Kurds

      2. Iran-Iraq War ends

    2. Iran  (Daniel)

      1. Iran-Iraq War ends

      2. Khomeini dies; replaced by Khamenei  (1989)

    3. Brazil (Denise)

      1. new federal constitution

    4. Libya and the US
      1. Lockerbie bombing
    5. Pakistan

      1. Benazir Bhutto restores civilian rule

  5. 1989

    1. Afghanistan  (Kylie)

      1. withdrawal of Soviet troops

    2. Poland (Alex)

      1. protests end communist rule

      2. Lech Walesa elected president (1990)

    3. Peaceful Revolution Sweeps Europe

      1. Hungary --> Czechoslovakia --> West

      2. proclamation of the "Hungarian Republic"

      3. the fall of the Berlin Wall

      4. Romania: Ceausescu's last stand

    4. China

      1. repression of student protests in
        Tiananmen Square

    5. Panama

      1. US invasion

    6. Colombia

      1. homicide becomes leading cause of death

    7. Libya and the US

      1. another "Gulf of Sidra Incident"

 

VI. 1990-94

  1. 1990

    1. Germany  (Will)

      1. unification of Germany follows fall of Berlin Wall

    2. Japan  (Roberto)

      1. death of Emperor Hirohito (1989)

      2. beginning of economic crisis

    3. Zimbabwe  (Owen)

      1. rise of corruption leads to formation of ZANU-PF

    4. Saudi Arabia  (Tev'n)

      1. Saudi Arabia permits deployment of US troops following Iraqi invasion of Kuwait ("Operation Desert Shield")

    5. "A New World Order"? 

      1. Bush forms the coalition

        1. Soviet support

      2. "human shields"

    6. South Africa

      1. Mandela released from prison

    7. world update

      1. population: 5.3 billion

      2. UN member states: 159

  2. 1991

    1. Egypt  (Elle Page)

      1. Egypt backs US and UN against Saddam Hussein

      2. Egyptian involvement in the Madrid Peace Conference

    2. Iraq  (Mac)

      1. Iraq ejected from Kuwait following its 1990 invasion

      2. Shiite uprising in South and Kurd uprising in North

        1. both crushed; establishment of "no-fly zones"

    3. "Desert Storm"

      1. India's Defense Minister and US military dominance

    4. Turmoil in the Baltics

      1. Lithuania

    5. The Disintegration of the Soviet Union

      1. Yeltsin and the failed coup

      2. Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, etc.

    6. The Disintegration of Yugoslavia

      1. Serbs march on Croats and Slovenes

      2. civil war begins in Bosnia-Herzegovina

  1. 1992

    1. Cuba  (Lindsey)

      1. Cuban economy worsens following loss of Soviet subsidies

      2. US tightens economic sanctions

    2. India  (Carter)

      1. widespread Hindu-Muslim violence

      2. Mumbai Stock Exchange financial scandal

    3. Brazil (Denise)

      1. Mello removed from office due to corruption

    4. NAFTA

      1. Clinton as "New Democrat"

    5. Zaire / DRC  (Khadijah)

      1. economic collapse

    6. Sri Lanka

      1. 2,000 die in Tamil insurgency (1992)

  2. 1993

    1. Somalia  (KT)

      1. "Operation Restore Hope" (1991) averts famine (1992) but ultimately leads to "Black Hawk Down" incident

    2. South Africa  (Chris)

      1. apartheid ends as Mandela replaces de Klerk

    3. Yugoslav Civil War

      1. Serb atrocities in Bosnia

        1. "Bosnian Serbs" and "Serb Serbs"

      2. "no-fly zone"

        3.

      3. 22,000 UN peacekeepers by end of the year

        1. but war continues in Bosnia

      4. next generation of jihadists to Bosnia

  3. 1994

    1. Mexico  (Sam)

      1. economic collapse

      2. the Zapatista Army of National Liberation

    2. Saudi Arabia  (Tev'n)

      1. Osama bin Laden stripped of Saudi citizenship

    3. Germany  (Will)

      1. German military participates in non-NATO peacekeeping operations

    4. Yugoslav Civil War

      1. 68 die in a bread line (February)

      2. NATO ultimatum loosens siege of Sarajevo

      3. Serb attacks on Muslim enclaves resumes

      4. NATO bombing campaign

    5. Chechnya

      1. Russian invasion, 1994-95

      2. jihadist activity

    6. Rwanda

      1. half a million Tutsis die

      2. French and British intervention

      3. 1.2 million Hutus flee

 

VII. 1995-99

  1. 1995

    1. Japan  (Roberto)

      1. Aum Shinrikyo terrorist attack on the Tokyo subway system

      2. massive earthquake in Kobe

    2. Turkey  (Irene)

      1. military offensive against Kurds in northern Iraq

    3. Yugoslav Civil War

      1. NATO bombing continues

      2. ethnic cleansing

        1. Srebrenica  (July)

        2. thousands missing

      3. Croat counteroffensive

      4. Dayton Accords  (September)

    4. world update

      1. population: 5.7 billion

      2. UN member states: 185

================================
================================

 

  1. 1996

    1. Afghanistan  (Kylie)

      1. Taliban seizes power

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

  2. 1997

    1. Zaire / DRC  (Khadijah)

      1. Kabila replaces Mobutu

      2. "Democratic Republic of Congo" replaces "Zaire"

    2. Iran  (Daniel)

      1. election of moderate Khatami

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

  3. 1998

    1. Zimbabwe  (Owen)

      1. "land reform" leads to riots and economic crisis

    2. Iraq  (Mac)

      1. "Operation Desert Fox"

      2. Clinton urged to abandon containment for rollback

    3. Great Britain  (Leigh)

      1. "Good Friday Accord" brings peace to Northern Ireland

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

  4. 1999

    1. Cuba  (Lindsey)

      1. Elian Gonzalez crisis highlights US "wet foot / dry foot" policy

    2. Pakistan  (Taylor)

      1. Musharraf takes power in military coup

      2. renewed conflict in Kashmir

    3. Poland (Alex)

      1. Poland admitted to NATO

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

    7.  

      1.  

 

VIII. 2000-04

  1. 2000

    1. Mexico  (Sam)

      1. PRI loses first presidential election in 71 years

    2. Somalia  (KT)

      1. formation of new government, but war lords retain control of most the country

    3. Israel  (Jon)

      1. Israel withdraws from Lebanon

      2. beginning of the second Intifada

    4. world update

      1. population: 6.1 billion

      2. UN member states: 189

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

    7.  

      1.  

  2. 2001

    1. Afghanistan  (Kylie)

      1. 9-11 terrorist attacks lead to US military intervention

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

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    6.  

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  3. 2002

    1. India  (Carter)

      1. war scare with Pakistan

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

  4. 2003

    1. Zaire / DRC  (Khadijah)

      1. Joseph Kabila replaces assassinated father (2001)

      2. peace agreements with Rwanda and Uganda (2002)

      3. new constitution

    2. Japan  (Roberto)

      1. first overseas deployment of Japanese military since 1945

      2. growth of nationalism and controversies over Yasukuni Shrine

    3. Brazil (Denise)

      1. national tourism plan and other business initiatives

    4. Great Britain  (Leigh)

      1. Blair backs US invasion of Iraq despite its unpopularity

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

    7.  

      1.  

  5. 2004

    1. Poland (Alex)

      1. Poland admitted to European Union

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

 

IX. 2005-09

  1. 2005

    1. Iran  (Daniel)

      1. election of hard-liner Ahmadinejad

    2. Egypt  (Elle Page)

      1. limited democratic reforms

      2. Muslim Brotherhood wins 19% representation in Parliament

    3. Turkey  (Irene)

      1. negotiations begin for EU membership

    4. Germany  (Will)

      1. Angela Merkel becomes Germany's first female chancellor

    5. Israel  (Jon)

      1. Israel unilaterally withdraws from the Gaza Strip

    6. Great Britain  (Leigh)

      1. terrorist attacks on the London subway system

    7. world update

      1. population: 6.4 billion

      2. UN member states: 191

    8.  

      1.  

    9.  

      1.  

    10.  

      1.  

  2. 2006

    1. Somalia  (KT)

      1. emergence of Union of Islamic Courts

      2. military intervention by Ethiopia

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

  3. 2007

    1. Saudi Arabia  (Tev'n)

      1. limited reforms of Saudi political system announced

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

  4. 2008

    1. South Africa  (Chris)

      1. Mbeki and the AIDS crisis

      2. Mbeki resigns

      3. dissatisfaction with ANC results in rise of COPE

    2. Cuba  (Lindsey)

      1. Castro resigns presidency due to ill health

    3. Pakistan  (Taylor)

      1. Bhutto's assassination

      2. Musharraf ousted following the "lawyers' revolt"

    4. India  (Carter)

      1. nuclear pact with the United States (2006)

      2. Patil becomes first female president (2007)

      3. Mumbai terrorist attacks

      4. growth of Indian space program

    5. Zimbabwe  (Owen)

      1. disputed election between Mugabe and Tsvangirai

    6.  

      1.  

    7.  

      1.  

  5. 2009

    1. Mexico  (Sam)

      1. intensification of drug wars

    2.  

      1.  

    3.  

      1.  

    4.  

      1.  

    5.  

      1.  

    6.  

      1.  

 

X. Now What? 

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  5.  

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[Syllabus]

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